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Version: 1.0.2

Banner grabbing

  • Banner information = name + version
  • 📝 Used to gain banner information about
    • a computer (e.g. OS information)
    • the services running on its open ports (e.g. nginx server)
  • Allows attackers to exploit known vulnerabilities and form an attack plan.
  • Can be prevented by disabling banners and by hiding web page extensions.

Passive banner grabbing​

  • Uses sniffing to determine the operating system.
  • E.g. analyzing error messages, sniffing the traffic on the network, and examining page extensions.

Active banner grabbing​

  • Sending a packet to the OS and then analyzing the responses.
  • E.g. each OS have different TCP/IP stack implementations.
    • Values of TTL (time to live) and TCP window size in the IP header of the first packet are different in each OS.
  • HTTP (80), FTP (21), SMTP (25) are common ports.
  • Tools include telnet, nmap, zgrap and netcat.

Netcat​

  • Networking utility for reading from and writing to network connections using TCP or UDP
  • 🤗 Also known as TCP/IP swiss army knife
  • FTP
    • nc 178.128.203.1 21: Checks FTP port 21
      • 💡 You can use nmap 178.128.203.1 to find out open ports.
    • Usual for FTP servers to return something like Welcome to XXX FTP Server
      • gives you insights about the owner and that it's a FTP server
  • HTTP
    • E.g.
      1. nc 178.128.203.1 80
      2. Type e.g. GET /index.html HTTP 1.0 or HEAD / HTTP/1.1
      3. Press [ENTER]
    • And also usually useful headers such as Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
  • CryptCat is the encrypted version of netcat

Telnet​

  • Application protocol for bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication using a virtual terminal connection
  • Historically used to access to a command-line interface on a remote host but now replaced with SSH as it's unsecure.
  • Built into many operative systems as default
  • Runs on port 23 so telnet <target> sends TCP to targets port 23.
    • You can send to different ports using telnet
  • If port is open a banner response received looking like:
    • Server: Microsoft-IIS/5.0 Date: Fri, 14 Aug 2009 1:14:42 GMT Content-Length:340 Content-Type: text/html